Apparatus for making car-wheels.



C. W. SHERMAN. APPARATUS FR MAKING CAR WHEELS.

'APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9, 1914. 19H91@ Patented Aug. 1o, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

gli

a A@ A@ ln] ITNEbbEb.

ML M0001@ C. W. SHERMAN.

APPARATUS FOR MAM@ CAR WHEELS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9, I9.I4. Llgl, i Patented Aug. 10, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UUTNE55E5. INVENTUR ATTDRNEYE.

C.W.SHEHMAN[ AAQAA@ APPARATUS FOR MAKING CAR WHEELS.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. 9. 1914.

lzltfured Aug. 10, 19H3.

4 SHEETSJSHEET 3.

Fi [1D LnJiTNEfJEE.

wfayw lNvcNTnR MMM @Mfg/)WQ A FATTURNEYEL HII ik @I C. W. SHERMAN.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING CAR WHEELS.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. 9. I9I4.

pgp. PantvdAug. 10, 1915.

4 SHEETS-#SHEET 4.

M Ow/f ATTIjIRhII- Yi s INVENTIJRi @FFFQEQ CLIFTON W. SERMAN, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING CAR-WHEELS.

Specification `of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 1o, `i915.

Application filed November 9, 1914. Serial No. 870,985.

To all 107mm t may concern:

Be it known that I, CLIFTON lV. SHER- UAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Making Car-lVlieels, of which the following is a specification. l

This invention relates to an apparatus for making cast metal car wheels.

In car wheels as heretofore constructed the bearing face of the rim or tread frequently contained chill cracks which were caused by the metal tearing or bursting as the casting contracted after being poured into the mold against al chill, thereby weakening the wheel and reducing its wearing capacity.

It is essential in car wheels that the metal in the bearing face of the rim or tread and its flange be free from cracks, or the like, and that the maximum density or molecular affinity in the fiber or grain of this part of the wheel be attained in order that the wheel may have the greatest strength and will resist the greatest alnount of wear under the loads imposed on the same.

lVith these requisites in View it is the purpose of 'my invention to produce a machine for making a car wheel in which the -metal forming the bearing face of the tread or rim and its flange is compressed while still in a hot and more or less plastic state afterbeing cast and thus increase the molecular afiinlty .or density ofthe metal in this region of the wheel and thereby render the same much stronger and durable than wheels constructcd in the manner heretofore known.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a vertical section of a cast metal car wheel and one form of apparatus embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on line 2 2, Figl. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary7 vertical section taken on line 3 3, Fig. 1- Figs. 4 and 5 are detached top plan views of the primary and secondary sections of the rim or tread chill of the molding flask. Fig.

'(5 is a side elevation of one form of operatingv device for simultaneously shiftingall parts of the presser ring relatively to the chill sections of the fiask. Fig. 7 is a top plan View of the same. Fig.'8 is a fragmentary vertical section showing another device for moving the presser ring relatively to the chill sections. Fig. 9 is aside elevation thereof. Fig.4 l() is a vertical sect-ion showing still other means for moving the presser ring relatively to the chill sections.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. I

Although the cast metal car wheel which is constructed by my improved method and apparatus may be varied in its details of construction that, shown, for example in Figs. 1, 2 and 8 comprises a central tubular hub A, an annular rim or tread B arranged concentrically around the hub and provided at its lower inner edge vwith an annular outwardly projecting flange L, and a supporting body or member arranged between the rim and hub and comprising a disk or plate C connected at its inner and outer edges with said hub and rim, inner brackets (Z connecting the inner part of the underside of the plate with the hub, outer brackets e connecting the outer part of the underside of the plate with the rim, and an annular bead farranged on the plate between the hub and rlm and connecting the adjacent ends of said brackets, said hub, rim, plate brackets and bead being formed integrally.

Referring to Figs. l-5, l represents the bottom or mold board of a molding fiask, 2 the drag or nowel which forms the lower part of the flask, 3 the drag which forms the upper part of the flask, and 4, 5 the chill or Chiller of metal arranged intermediate of the drag and cope and forming the side ofthe mold cavity 6 of the wheel against which the bearing surface of the rim or tread is'fformed, as the metal is poured into the cavity through sprue 7`located centrally of the iiask, as shown in Fig. 1, or

any other suitable place. The chillis constructed in the form of a ring which is preferably divided into a plurality of primary sections 4 and a plurality of secondary sections 5 which alternate with each other. The several chill ring sections are arranged between the drag and cope of the molding flask and the primary sections being comparatively long and the secondary sections comparatively short. Each of the primary chill ring sections has its opposite ends 8, 8 arranged parallel with each other and with a radial line drawn from the axis of the mold cavity of the wheel, but each of the secondary chill ring sections 5 has its opposite ends 9, 9 converging inwardly relatively tol each other and to a radial line drawn from the axis of the wheel mold cavity, so that each secondary chill ring secy 'tion has the form of a V or wedge-shaped key. rlChe opposing ends of the several chill sections engage with each other so as to form the annular outer wall of the mold cavity against which the periphery or bearing face of the rim or tread of -the wheel is formed as the molten metal is poured against the same.

Vhile the metal is being poured into the mold cavity all of thechill ring sections are in their outermost positions and their inner sides are flush and form a continuous or even surface. After the mold cavity has been filled with molten metal and the latter is still hot and in a more or less plastic or pasty condition, the primary chill ring sections are pressed inwardly under high power, preferably by mechanical means, so that metal in the rim or tread at the bearing surface thereofl is rendered more dense and a greater molecular afl'inity is established in the liber or grain of the same. As the primary chill' ring sections are forced inwardly the)7 take up or compensate for any reduction in the circumference of therim or tread due to contraction or shrinkage of the wheel as the metal cools. The sectional chill ring is thus contractible and is adapted not only to thereduction in` diameter or circumference of the rim but by reason of the pressure applied to the primary chill ring sections the metal on the bearing surface of the wheel rim or tread is condensed or compacted. By this means the wheel rim is pre' vented frombursting, tearing or cracking under pouring or peripheral contraction strains and the density of its fiber is increased, thereby increasing the strength of the wheel as well as its wearing qualities. As the primary chill ring sections et move inwardly the secondary sections 5 remain stationary in order to permit this movement of the primary sections `which is possible owing to the ends of each of the latter being 'parallel with a radial line of the wheel mold. The inner surface presented by the secondary lchill ring sections is comparitively small and reduced to a minimum consistent with practical working of the apparatus. Slight raises or fins may be left on the bearing surface of the rim by reason of the primary chill ring sections moving radially independently of thesecondary chill ring sections, such fins being readily removed when the 4rim of the wheel is ground for truing the saine.

lVarious means may be employed for forcing the primary chill ring sections inward, those shown for example in Figs. 1-7, being suitable and constructed as follows: The

outer side 10 of each primary chill ring section is inclined, preferably, from its upper end downwardly and outwardly to its lower end, as shown at the left of Fig. 1, while the outer side 11 of each of the secondary chill ring sections is vertical or parallel with the axis of the wheel mold, as shown at the right of this figure. 12 represents a presser ring which surrounds the several chill sections and which is provided on its inner side with a plurality of alternating inclined faces 13 engaging with Jthe inclined outer sides ofthe primary chill sections and vertical facesll engaging with the vertical outer faces y11 of the secondary chill sections. Adjacent to each secondary chill section the presser ring is provided with a notch 15, prefe ably of dove-tail form which receives the correspondingly shaped outer part of the respective secondary chill sections, as shown in Figs. 1 and Q. As the presser ring is moved downwardly the wedging engagement of its inclined faces 13 against the faces 10 of the primary chill sections forces the latter inwardly but the secondary chill sectionsiare unaffected and remain at rest. U pon raising the presser ring the primary chill sections are free to be again moved outwardly into their normal position. In order to maintain the chill sections in position relatively to the presser, and guide these parts rel-atively to each other means are provided which preferably comprise upwardly tapering pins or studs 16, 17 arranged on the upper side of the presser ring and engaging with downwardly flaring openings or sockets 18 formed in lugs 19, 20 projecting outwardly from the upper ends, respectively, of the primary and secondary chill sections, as shown in Figs. 1, l and As the presser ring descends and moves the primary chill sections inwardly this is permitted by the tapering pins 16 withdrawing downwardly from the flaring openings 1S and when the presser ring rises the tapering pins 1G upon yenteringl the flaring openings 18 operate to retract the primary chill sections into their outer normal position. The

pins 17 of the presser ring also withdraw in their descent from the openings 1S of the secondary chill sections and again reenter the same when the presser ring rises but the function of these parts is merely to assist in keeping ythe secondary chill sections in' primary chill sections as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Each of these screws may be turned by providing the same with a flat sided shank 24 at its upper end suitable for receiving a wrench, crank or other tool. ln order to hold the drag, cope and chill in the proper position relative to each other while the presser ring is being raised and lowered, means are provided which preferably comprise a plurality of clamps each of which engages the aw 25 at one end of the yoke 26 with the underside of the mold board while the screw 27 at the opposite end of the yoke engages with the top of the cope, as shown in Fig. 1.- ln order to permit the primary chill sections to slide radially freely between the cope and drag the height of each of these chill sections is preferably slightly less than the distance between the cope and drag, as shown at the left of Fig. 1, but the height of the secondary chill sections is the same as the distance between cope and drag, so that the latter grip the secondary chill section but do not interfere with the free movement of the primary chill sections.v The cope, drag and presser ring are further held against lateral displacement by downwardly projecting centering pins 2S arranged on opposite sides or" the cope and engaging with openings 29 in the presser ring, and up- 'ardly projecting centering pins 30 arranged on opposite sides of the drag and engaging with openings 3l in the presser ring. For convenience in transporting or reversing the molding flask the presser ring is preferably provided on its opposite sides with trunnions 32, as shown in Figs. l, 2, 6 and 7.

The screws 21 whichshift the presser ring are preferably operated simultaneously and this may be effected by the means which are shown in Figs. 6 and Y and which comprise a portable frame 33, a plurality of upright spindles 60 'journaled in said frame and each provided at its lower end with a wrench socket 34 which'receives the upper fiat sided end of one of the screws 21, while its upper end is provided with a bevel gear wheel 35, and two shafts 61, B2 which are journaled on said frame and are provided with bevel gear wheels 36 meshing with the wheels 35, and one of said shafts being provided with a crank 37.

If desired, the presser ring may be moved downwardly by the means which are shown in Figs. 8 and 9 and which comprise an eccentric or cam 38 bearing against a lug 39 on the presser ring and provided with eccentric pins or trunnions 40, a handle 41 connected with said trunnions for turning the cam, and links 42 connecting said trunnions with the bottom board of the molding liask. The same result may be obtained by mount-` ing the liask as a whole on a wheeled truck or carriage 42 which may be run upon the the pipes 51,

base 44 of a hydraulic or fluid operated press which is provided with a standard 45 rising from the base 44, a working cylinder 46 arranged on the upper overhanging part of the standard, anda plunger 47 arranged in said'cylinder and provided at its lower end with a presser head 48 which bears against the upper side of said presser ring lof the molding ask, as shown in Fig. 10. Upon admitting a pressure medium through the pipe 49 or 50 into the upper or lower end of the cylinder, the plunger therein will be lowered or raised and by opening either of 52 the spent pressure medium may be discharged from either end of the cylinder.

By means of thispress the presser rings of different molding flasks may be quickly and eectively operated in succession byl bringing each truck carrying a iask in turn between the base and plunger of the press.

l claim as my invention:

l. -An apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a molding flask having a drag forming the lower part of a mold, a cope forming the upper part of said mold, an annular metal chill forming the intermediate part of the mold and the outer wall of the cavity in which the rim is cast, said chill being divided into a plurality of sections some of which sections have their opposite ends parallel with each other and with a radial line drawn from the axis of the wheel and others of said sections having their opposite ends converging inwardly relatively to each other and to a radial line of the wheeland engaging with the .opposing ends oftwoparallel ended sections, and means for pressing Isaid parallel ended sections inwardly; v

,2. An 'apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a molding Hask having a drag `forming the lower part of a mold, a cope forming the upper part of said mold, an annular metal chill forming the intermediate part of the mold and the outer wall of the cavity in which the rim is cast, said 'chill being divided into a plurality of sections some of which sections have their op-l posite ends parallel with each other, and with a radial line drawn from the axis of the wheel and others of said sections having their opposite ends converging inwardly relatively to each other and to a radial line of the wheel and\engaging with lthe opposing ends of two parallel ended sections, and means for pressing said parallel ended sections inwardly comprising an axially movable presser ring having a wedging ,engagement with the outer sides of the several parallel ended chill sections.

3. An apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a molding flask having a drag forming the lower part of a mold, a

cope forming the upper part of said mold,

` wheel and engaging with radial line drawn from the axis of the Wheel and others of said sections having their opposite ends converging inwardly relatively to each other and toa radial line of the wheeland engaging with the opposing ends of two parallel ended sections, and means I for pressing said parallel ended sections inwardly comprising an axially movable presser ring having a wedging engagement with the outer sides of the several parallel ended chill sections, and means for actuating said presser ring.

4. An apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a molding flask having a drag forming the lower part of a mold, a cope forming the upper part of said mold, an annular metal chill forming the intermediate part of the mold and the outer wall of the cavity in which the rim is cast, said chill being divided into a plurality of sections some of which sections have their opposite ends parallel with each other and with a radial line drawn from the axis of the wheel and others of said sections having their opposite ends converging inwardly relatively to each other and to a radial line of the the opposing ends of two parallel ended sections, and each of said parallel ended sections having an inclined outer side, and an axially movable presser ring having an inclined inner side which engages with theinclined outer side ol' the several parallel ended chill sections.V

5. An apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a molding flask having a drag forming ,the lower part of a mold7 a cope forming the upper part of said mold, an annular metal chill forming the intermediate part of the mold and the outer wall of the cavity in which the rim is cast, said chill being divided into a plurality of sec'- tions some of which sections have their opposite ends parallel with each other and with a radial line drawn from the axis of the wheel and others of said sections having their opposite ends converging inwardly relative-ly to each other and to a radial line ot' thc wheel and engaging with the opposing ends of two parallel ended sections, and imeans for pressing said parallel ended sec- ,tions in 'airdly comprising an axially movable presser ring having a wedging engagement with the outer sides of the several parallel ended chill sections, comprising a press having two members which are movable one relatively to the other one of which engages with the flask and the other with said part of the mold and the outer Wall of have their oppositel `diate part of the mold and tl 6. An apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a molding flask having a drag forming the lower part of a mold, a cope forming the upper part of said mold, an annular metal chill formi 'g the intermelle outer wall of the cavity in which thel rim is cast, said chill being divided into a plurality of sections some of which sections have their opposite ends parallel with each other and with a radial line d awn from the axis of the wheel and others of said sections having their opposite ends converging inwardly relatively to each other and to a radial line of the wheel and engaging with the opposing ends of two parallel ended sections, and means for pressing said parallel ended sections inwardly comprising an axially movable presser ring having a wedging engagement with the outer sides of the several parallel ended chill sections, comprising right and left screw threaded screws each ot' which engages with correspondingly threaded openings on said presser ring and one of said flask members.

7. An apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a molding flask having a drag forming the lower part of a mold, a cope forming the upper part of said mold, an annular metal chill forming the intermediate part of the mold and the outer wall of the cavity in which the rim is cast, said chill being divided into a plurality of sections some of which sections have their opposite ends parallel with each other and with a radial line drawn from the axis of the wheel and others of said sections having their opposite ends converging inwardly relatively to each other and to a radial line of the wheel andengaging with the opposing ends of two parallel ended sections, and means for pressing said parallel ended sections inwardly, comprising an axially movable presser ring having a wedging engagement with the outer sides ot' tue .Jeveral parallel ended chill sections, comprising right and left screw threaded screws cach of which engages 4with correspondingly threaded openings on said presser ring and `one Vof said flask members, and means for `turning said screws simultaneously.

8. An apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a molding flask having of the wheel and engaging with the opposing ends of two parallel ended sections, and means for pressing said parallel ended sections inwardly, comprising an axially mov-k able presser ring having a wedging engagement with the ou-ter sides of the several parallel ended chill sections, comprising right and left screw threaded screws each of which engages with correspondingly threaded openings on said presser ring and one of said ask members, and means for turning said screws simultaneously, comprising a plurality of spindles each of which is provided with a socket engaging one of said screws, ya frame in which said spindles are journaled and gearing operatively connecting said spindles.

9. An apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a. molding iiask having a drag forming the lower part of a mold, a cope forming the upper part of said mold, an annular metal chill forming the intermediate part of the mold and the outer wall of the cavity in which the rim is cast, said chill being divided into a plurality of sections some of which sections have their opposite ends parallel with each other and with a radial line drawn from the axis of the wheel and others of said sections having their opposite ends converging inwardly relatively to each other andto a radial line of the wheel and engaging with the opposing ends of two parallel ended sections, and means for pressing said parallel ended sections inwardly, comprising an axially movable presser ring having a wedging engagement with the outer sides of the several parallel ended'chill sections, comprising ri-ghtand left screw threaded screws each of which engages with correspondingly threaded openings on said presser ring and one of said flask members, and means for turning said screws' simultaneously comprising a plurality of spindles each of which is provided with a socket engaging one of said screws, a frame in which vsaid spindles are journaled, bevel gear wheels arranged on said spindles, and shafts which are journaled on said frame and which are provided with bevel gear wheels meshing with the gear wheels on said spindles and one of said shafts having a crank.-

10. An apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a molding 'Hask having a drag forming the lower part of a mold, a cope forming the upper part of said mold, an annular metal chill forming the intermediate part of the mold and the outer wall of the cavity in which the rim is cast, said chill being divided into a plurality of sections some of which sections have their opposite ends parallel with each other and with a ra-l dial line drawn from the axis of the wheel and others of said sections having their opposite ends converging inwardly relatively to each other and to a radial linev of the wheel andv engaging with the opposingiends of two parallel ended sections, c amps connecting said drag and cope, and means for pressing said parallel ended sections inwardly.

1l. An apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a molding flask having a drag forming the lower part of a mold, a cope forming the upper part of said mold, an annular metal chill forming the intermediate part of the mold and the outer wall of the cavity in which the rim is cast, said chill being divided into a plurality of sections `some of which sections have their opposite ends parallel with each other and with a radial line drawn from the axis of the wheel and others of said sections having their opposite ends converging inwardly relatively to each other andto a radial line of the wheel and engaging with the opposing ends of two parallel ended sections, means for pressing said parallel ended sections inwardly comprising an axially movable presser ring having a. wedging engagement with the outer sides of the several parallel ended chill sections, and means for guiding said ring and chill sections axially relatively to each other.

12. An apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a molding flask having a drag forming the lower part of a mold, a cope forming the upper part of said mold, an annular metal chill forming the intermediate part of the mold and the outer wall of the cavity in which the rim is cast, said chill being divided into a plurality of sections some of which sections have their opposite ends parallel with each other and with a radial line drawn from the axis 'of the wheel and others of said sections having their opposite ends converging inwardly relatively to each other and to a radial line of the wheel and engaging with the opposing ends of two parallel ended sections, means for pressing said parallel ended sections inwardly comprising an axially movable presser ring having a wedging engagement with the outer sides of the several parallel ended chill sections, and means for guiding said ring and chill sections axially relatively to each other, comprising lugs projecting outwardly from said chill sections and each having an opening, and pins arranged on said ring and engaging with said openings.

13. An apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a molding iask having a drag forming the lower part of a mold, a cope forming the upper vpart of said mold, an annular metal chill forming the intermediate part of the mold and the outer wall of the cavity in which the rimis cast, said chill being divided into a plurality of sections some of which sections have their opposite ends parallel with each other, and with a radial line drawn from the axis of the wheel and others of said sections having their opposite ends converging inwardly relatively to each other and to a radial line of the wheel and engaging with the opposing ends of the two parallel ended sections, means for pressing said parallel ended sections `inwardly comprising an axially movable presser ring having a wedging engagement with the outer sides of the several parallel ended chill sections, and means for guiding said ring and chill section axially relatively to each other, comprising lugs projecting outwardly from said chill sections and each having an opening, and tapering pins arranged on said ring and engaging with said openings.

14. An apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a molding flask having a drag forming the lower part of a mold, a cope forming the upper part of said mold, an annularmetal chill forming the intermediate part of the m-old and the outer wall of the cavity in which the rim is cast, said chill being divided into a plurality of sections some of which sections have their opposite ends parallel with each other and with a radial line 'drawn from the axis of the wheel and others of said sections having their op- `posite ends converging inwardly relatively to each other and to a radial line of the wheel and engaging with the opposing ends of two parallel ended sections. and means for pressing said parallel ended sections, inwardly, theouter sides of said parallel ended chill sections having inclined outer sides and said tapering chill sections having their outer sides parallel with the axis of the wheel, and a presser ring provided on its inner side with inclined faces engaging with the inclined outer sides of said parallel ended chill sections.

15. An apparatus for making cast car wheels comprising a molding flask having a drag forming the lower part of a mold, a cope forming the upper part of said mold, an annular metal chill forming the intermediate part of the mold and the outer wall of the cavity in which the rim is cast, said chill being divided into a plurality of sections some of which sections have their opposite ends parallel with each other and with a 'i dial line drawn from the axis of the wheel and others of said sections having their o posite ends converging inwardly relative y to each other and to a radial line of the wheel and engaging with the opposing ends of two parallel ended sections, and means for pressing said parallel ended sections inwardly, the outer sides of said par allel ended chill sections having inclined outer sides and said tapering chill sections having their outer sides parallel with the axis of the wheel, and a presser ring pro- .drag forming the lower part ot' ya. mold, a

cope forming the upper part of said mold,

'an annular metal chill forming the intermediate part of the mold and the outer wall of the cavity in which the rim is cast, said vchill being divided into a plurality of sections some of which sections have their opposite ends parallel with eachother and with a radial hne drawn from the aXls of the wheel and others of said sections having` their opposite ends converging inwardly relatively to each other and to a radial line of the wheel and engaging with the opposing ends of two parallel ended sections, and means for pressing said parallel ended sections inwardly, the outer sides of said parallel ended chill sections having inclined outer sides and said tapering chill sections having their outer sides parallel with the axis of the wheel, and a presser ring provided on its inner side with inclined faces engaging with the inclined outer sides of said parallel ended chill sections, and also provided on its inner side with dovetail notches which receive the outer parts of said tapering chill sections.

17. A molding apparatus comprising a drag, a cope, a metal chill ring arranged between said cope and drag and comprising a plurality of sections some of which are movable radially, means for shifting said movable chill ring sections comprising a presser ring having a wedging engagement with said movable chill ring sections, and means for guiding or centering said cope, drag and presser ring relatively to each other.

18. A molding apparatus comprising a dra-g, a cope, a metal chill ring arranged between said cope and drag and comprising a plurality of sections some of which are movable radially, means for shifting said movable chill ring sections comprising a presser ring having a wedging engagement with said movable chill ring sections, and means for guiding or centering said cope, drag and presser ring relatively to each other, comprising centering pins arranged on the cope and projecting downwardly therefrom into openings in the presser ring, and centering pins arranged on the drag and projecting upwardly therefrom into openings in the presser ring.

19. A molding apparatus comprising a drag, a cope, a metal chill ring arranged between the drag and cope and comprising a plurality of relatively fixed sections and a plurality of radially movable sections which will alternate with the ixed sections, said fixed Witness my hand this 3rd day of Novemsections being gripped between the drag and ber, 1914.

CLIFTON WV. SHERMAN.

Witnesses:

THEO. L. POPP, ANNA HEIGIS. 

